1. Oxygen
2. Scrubber
3. Diluent
4. 3 Independent Oxygen Partial Pressure Displays
5. ADV 
6. Inhale Counterlung
7. Mouthpiece
8. OC Bailout integrated
9. Wing
10. Exhale Counterlung
11. Overpressure Valve
12. Manual Oxygen Bypass
13. Inflator/Bailout
14. Flow restriction

• De Solenoid is verdwenen
• De Computers zijn verdwenen
• Het alarm is verdwenen
• Er loopt een zuurstofslang direct naar de scrubber deksel
• Het mondstuk heeft een OC bailout
• Er is een Bypass die handbediend is

Hoe werkt de KISS nu precies;

De kern is dat voor het toedienen van de noodzakelijke zuurstof aan de loop geen gebruik wordt gemaakt van elektronica, maar van een gemodificeerde eerste trap (fig.1) Deze eerste trap wordt aangepast op een zodanige wijze dat deze een druk levert van 8 bar. Door nu gebruik te maken van een restrictie zoals een naaldafsluiter, een sonic nozzle of een andere nozzle wordt een flow gerealiseerd van 0,3 - 1,5 ltr per minuut ongeacht de diepte. De afstelling van de flow wordt door de duiker zelf uitgevoerd en is afhankelijk van zijn persoonlijke metabolische verbruik. Het zuurstof verbruik van een duiker blijft bij gelijke inspanning op elke diepte gelijk. Daarom wordt de diepte compensatie buiten werking gesteld. Deze eerste trap wordt op een zuurstofcilinder geplaatst en zal via een slang rechtstreeks en constant 1 liter zuurstof per minuut aan de loop toevoeren. Als de duiker meer zuurstof nodig heeft kan hij via de handbediende bypass (figuur 2) extra zuurstof bijmengen.

• There is no Solenoid
• There are no computers
• There is no alarm system
• There is an oxygen hose from the oxygen first stage regulator direct fitted to the scrubber lid
• The mouthpiece has an integrated Bailout regulator
• There is a manual operated bypass on the oxygen feed

How does the KISS rebreather operate?

Most important is that the necessary oxygen is not added by means of electronics but through the use of a modified first stage (fig 1). This first stage is modified in such a way that the IP is set at 8 bar. Now using a metering valve or restriction nozzle it is possible to create a flow of  0,3 - 1,5 liter oxygen per minute to the loop. The flow is adaptable to the personal metabolic oxygen consumption of the diver. The oxygen consumption stays consistent at equal energy demands, also on increasing depth. Only when the diver works harder more oxygen is required. The regulator is modified in such a way that increasing depth does not affect the flow rate. The regulator is mounted on the oxygen bottle and a hose is directly connected to the scrubber lid and feeds directly into the loop. When the diver needs more oxygen he/she can add extra oxygen to the loop by pressing the manual bypass button.

Click picture for larger view

Pictures thanks to Kerry McKenzie

Pictures thanks to Kerry McKenzie

 Picture Michael Kuwilsky
 Click for lager view

 Original flow restriction KISS manufacturer

Click to enlarge

Following pictures are showing the original KISS rebreather manufactured by Gordon Smith

Gordon Smith with his KISS rebreather

Frontview original KISS rebreather

Set of KISS rebreathers ready for delivery. Foto thanks to Dave Sutton

Topview of a KISS rebreather. Foto is clickable for enlargement

Here you see a serie of foto's of the rebreather LV1 ( lustiger versuch 1) made by Michael Kuwilsky

Dr. Sven Olaf Dahl sent me his site with a Atlantis CCR Kiss rebreather. Nice pages found here: Link

Text Dave Sutton

"It's not that complex, so here goes: "

The term KISS as used for rebreathers was  coined by Gordon Smith, who first began using this system for diving rebreathers in his KISS (keep it simple, stupid) rebreather. The term KISS is, out of courtesy, reserved for those rebreathers and components made by him. If you copy it, you are diving "Kiss Style". The use of the term isn't law, it's courtesy to Gordon who deserves all of the credit for introducing this method of operation into widespread use.  

The system relies on the fact that for each person there exists a basic 02 metabolic need, which only varies slightly over the course of any time period. The numbers seem to range between 0.8 and 0.9 litres of 02 per minute, when that volume is measured at 1 Atm (surface pressure). Actually, we don't need any "volume" of 02 at all, we need x "molecules" of 02 per minute, and at the surface that amount is contained ina  volume of about 0.8 litres. At 33 feet (2 ATMA0, the volume of 02 needed would be half of that, but that volume would be twice as dense, thus the number of molecules is the same as the 0.8 litres at the surface. You can continue this down to any depth. 

What is done to dive "KISS System" is to produce a very small constant *mass* (not volume) freeflow of 02 into the loop that is (and this is VERY important), slightly LESS than that needed by the diver. You want the PP02 to be constantly dropping down slowly, and NEVER want it to be raised. Higher PP02 will; kill you faster (expressed in time) than low PP02, as you dive a lot closer to the threshold of the high limit(1.6) than at the low limit (0.2) when diving reasonable setpoints (1.2). Plus, it's a lot easier to manually add a little squirt of 02 every 20 minutes than it is to try to lower the PP02 by adding diluent, and then venting the loop. 

To obtain a constant MASS of 02, we first select a correct orifice V/S inlet pressure to provide a range of flow rates that is about correct for the job. Using supply pressures between 120 and 135 PSI, an orifice of 0.003 inches will flow between about 0.7 and 0.9 LPM. You can adjust the supply pressure to set the flow as desired. This is half of the system. Once that's been done, and tested by the diver (at home on the couch works fine!), the other part of the job is to make that a constant MASS, not volume, at deeper depths. if the supply regulator were able to sense the external pressure, it would be producing it's original output pressure *plus the pressure of the water column* into the orifice, and thus the flow MASS would be increasing as the diver descends. To preclude this, the first stage is modified to block the port where it senses the outside water pressure.  Now the regulator becomes an absolute pressure regulator, and doesn't sense nor regulate in respect to the outside water pressure. 

A properly designed KISS-system will have a restricting orifice, a modified regulator, and some way to manually add 02 periodically tomake up the difference between the 02 flow and the needed 02 mass.

Just for a quick gut-check on how hard it is to manage this system: I have my own flow set to 0.7 LPM at the surface, which I know is lower than my use. I set the loop PP02 at the surface to 0.4 (usually),

and descend to the bottom using a 21% diluent (usually). Once on the bottom I top-off the loop to 1.2 PP02 with a short (1-2 second) manual 02 add, and then begin watching the PP02. On a dive of usual physical workload (cruising around a wreck), I don't add 02 then for about 20 minutes, as I wait until the PP02 drops to somewhere between 1.0 and 1.1. I then drive the PP02 back to someplace between 1.2 and 1.3 and then repeat. Again, about 20 minutes later the PP02 is back down to 1.0 to 1.1. You end up looking at your PP02 a lot more often than you do anything about it, and the extra work to top off the PP02 is insignificant.

I've dived over 50 types of rebreathers, have at least 20 in the shop here, and that includes (2) Mark-15's with all of the latest bells and whistles. Even after diving all of the fancy electronic controlled CCR's, I still have to say that the KISS system of operation is simpler, more intuitive, and more reliable than any microprocessor driven CCR that I've ever dived. And why not? We've substituted the best computer ever, the human brain, for an unthinking software routine, and then unloaded a god portion of the work onto a simple orifice. As long as the main computer (your brain) is *correctly programmed* the system is excellent.

Hope that's succinct enough for your contemplation!

 Dave Sutton
 

The good thing about electronic CCR's is you don't need to do  anything because they drive themselves. The bad thing about electronic CCR's is  they MIGHT go wrong, and you MIGHT not notice it because you don't need to do anything right!!!!"

Philippe Gerin

Philippe Gerin

Here you see a nice cap for the Poseidon first stage to be used with the KISS valve. Ask Chris at this adress:

http://www.tech-blue.com

Here you see the cap for the Poseidon first stage. The final product will be chrome(?)

http://www.tech-blue.com

The cap fixed on the first stage poseidon regulator

http://www.tech-blue.com

http://www.hs-eng.com/KISS.html

Check out Billy Hammond Conversion site!

here

Bruce already did! Check this out..

http://www.tecme.de/